Dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD)

DCAD expresses the balance between the main positively and negatively charged minerals in a ration, most often calculated as (sodium + potassium) minus (chloride + sulphur) in milliequivalents per kilogram of dry matter.

A negative DCAD in the close-up period produces a mild metabolic acidosis that improves calcium mobilisation at calving. Its effect is checked through urine pH. After calving the aim is reversed and a positive DCAD supports intake and milk.

Written for the 2026 edition of the library.